Keeping Up With Your Heart Health
We're looking at the heart attack signs, symptoms and treatments like Eliquis (Apixaban), which is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation). And AMVUTTRA for hATTR amyloidosis (which can lead to heart failure). Aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aortic valve, can increase the risk of a heart attack by causing the heart to work harder, potentially leading to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction.
7 Signs of a Heart Attack
- Chest pain or discomfort: Described as pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain in the center of the chest.
- Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, even without chest pain.
- Cold sweats: Feeling clammy and experiencing perspiration unrelated to activity or temperature.
- Pain or discomfort in other areas: Pain may also be felt in the arms, back, neck, jaw or stomach.
- Nausea or lightheadedness: Feeling sick to your stomach or dizzy.
- Unexplained anxiety: A sense of impending doom or feeling extremely anxious without apparent reason.
- Fatigue: Unusual and extreme tiredness, especially in women.
What Happens During a Heart Attack?
A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, happens when one or more of your coronary arteries become obstructed.
When a roadblock pops up in your arteries, it causes an issue because there is no other route for oxygenated blood to get to the heart. Without this oxygen, the heart is unable to work properly, so it starts to shut down.
Much like the brain, the longer the heart goes without oxygen, the worse the damage gets. Treatment needs to be immediate, otherwise, portions of the heart muscle begin to die. The damage spectrum ranges from mild to severe and heart attack damage isn’t an isolated incident – even a minor heart attack will affect you for the rest of your life.
Aortic Stenosis and Heart Attacks
Aortic stenosis is a condition where the aortic valve, which controls blood flow from the heart's left ventricle to the aorta (the main artery that carries oxygenated blood to the body), becomes narrowed and obstructs blood flow. This narrowing can lead to various complications, but it doesn't directly cause a heart attack in the conventional sense.
However, aortic stenosis can increase the risk of a heart attack indirectly through several mechanisms:
- Left ventricular hypertrophy: The narrowing of the aortic valve forces the heart to work harder to pump blood through the restricted opening.
- Coronary artery disease: While aortic stenosis itself doesn't cause coronary artery disease (CAD), the risk factors for aortic stenosis, such as age, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, can also contribute to the development of CAD.
- Increased stress on the heart: Aortic stenosis can lead to an imbalance between the supply of oxygen and the heart's demand for oxygen-rich blood.
Heart Specialist Hospitals
Stanford University Medical Center is renowned for its cutting-edge cardiovascular care, boasting a world-class team of heart specialists, advanced research facilities and state-of-the-art technology. Patients from around the globe seek their expertise in treating complex heart conditions, ensuring top-notch care and innovative treatment options.
Cleveland Clinic, a leading academic medical center, is internationally recognized for its excellence in cardiovascular medicine. With a long history of breakthroughs in heart care, their team of heart specialists offers comprehensive and compassionate treatment for patients with various heart conditions, consistently achieving exceptional outcomes and setting new standards in cardiac care.
The Danger of Plaque Buildup
You may question what causes this blockage in the arteries. According to the Heart and Stroke Foundation, more than 9 out of 10 heart attacks are caused by atherosclerosis. This is the buildup of a waxy plaque on the interior wall of an artery over time.
Plaque buildups are essentially deposits made of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and a clotting material in the blood known as fibrin. The thicker the plaque buildup gets, the narrower the passage becomes for blood transportation.
It would be like starting with a spacious four-lane highway and changing it down to one lane. The buildup results in a blood clot which can become so large it obstructs the flow of blood to the heart. Atherosclerosis occurs over many years.
An area of plaque buildup can break open and cause a blood clot to form on the plaque’s surface, either completely or partially blocking blood flow.
Heart Attack Risk Factors
The makeup of plaque probably gives a pretty good idea for some of those at risk for a heart attack. If you suffer from any of the following, you need to start making your heart health a bigger priority:
- High blood pressure
- High blood cholesterol
- Being overweight/obesity
- An unhealthy diet
- Lack of physical activity
- High blood sugar due to insulin resistance or diabetes
- Smoking also helps accelerate the plaque buildup and causes it to grow bigger
Other factors are age – risk increases for men after 45 and women after 55, if there is a family history of heart disease, or preeclampsia (a condition that can develop during pregnancy where you see a rise in blood pressure or excess protein in the urine).
What is BPH? Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition that occurs as men get older, it is sometimes referred to as an enlarged prostate.
Heart Attack Symptoms
Heed the warning from any heart attack symptoms. Symptoms range from mild to severe pain and anywhere from one symptom to several.
The most common symptom is pressure, pain, or discomfort in the chest. Your chest may feel full, heavy, or have a burning sensation. There may be other aching sensations present in your upper body, most likely the neck, jaw, shoulders, arms, and back.
Other symptoms include shortness of breath, lightheadedness, sweating, or nausea. Women and men perceive the signs differently, as women are more apt to cite other signs such as anxiety, indigestion, or back pain as one of the first signs.
What to Do During a Heart Attack
If an attack happens to you, get somebody to call 9-1-1 immediately. It is recommended that you stop any activity and either sit or lie down depending on which is most comfortable for you.
During a heart attack, you will still be responsive; the heart still beats, and blood still circulates so CPR is not required. It is a different story if the heart attack leads to cardiac arrest (the heart stops beating, and blood doesn’t circulate).
Chew and swallow aspirin (unless you’re allergic), as aspirin helps protect against heart attack and eases pain and inflammation. It is not recommended that you take acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Taking aspirin can break up the blood clot causing a heart attack. Aspirin should not be taken instead of proper medical care.
If you are having a heart attack, you will want a proper diagnosis and medical direction on how to take care of your heart going forward. What you think is a heart attack may also be a symptom of another ailment such as angina or anxiety. No matter what, get yourself checked out.
How to Prevent a Heart Attack
To protect your heart, you need to lower your risk factors to help prevent a heart attack. Be heart-smart and alter your lifestyle.
Commit to eating healthier, engaging in physical activity consistently, giving up vices such as smoking, getting your stress under control, and managing your weight. Be sure to treat related conditions such as high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease and peripheral artery disease.
Your heart doesn’t operate by itself; it has a team of factors that add to its health or detriment.
Here’s a little food for thought: Keep a list of your medications and allergies in your wallet – it is beneficial to medical personnel in the event of an emergency. You will also want to include your healthcare provider’s contact information as well as your emergency contact.
Don’t underplay anything related to your heart. Eat well, get your cardiovascular system checked out, and be sure to stay active. Committing to keeping your heart happy will help you live a much healthier life.
